Complete English Grammar Guide

Basic Sentence Structure

• Subject + Verb + Object
• Example: "I eat apples"
• Example: "She reads books"

Question Formation

• What/Where/When/Why/How
• Do/Does for present simple
• Example: "Do you like coffee?"

Articles & Pronouns

Articles

• a/an - indefinite articles
• the - definite article
• Example: "a cat", "an apple", "the sun"

Personal Pronouns

• I, you, he, she, it, we, they
• me, you, him, her, it, us, them

Perfect Tenses

Present Perfect

• Form: have/has + past participle
• Example: "I have lived here for 5 years"
• Use: Experience, unfinished time

Past Perfect

• Form: had + past participle
• Example: "I had finished before he arrived"
• Use: Earlier past action

Conditional Sentences

First Conditional

• Form: If + present, will + verb
• Example: "If it rains, I will stay home"
• Use: Real future possibility

Second Conditional

• Form: If + past, would + verb
• Example: "If I won the lottery, I would travel"
• Use: Hypothetical situations

Complex Sentence Structures

Relative Clauses

• Defining: "The book that I read was excellent"
• Non-defining: "London, which is the capital, is busy"

Participle Clauses

• Present: "Walking home, I saw an accident"
• Past: "Built in 1900, the house is historic"

Advanced Conditionals

Third Conditional

• Form: If + past perfect, would have + past participle
• Example: "If I had studied, I would have passed"
• Use: Impossible past situations

Mixed Conditionals

• Past condition, present result
• Example: "If I had saved money, I would be rich now"